Archaeological excavations in northern Germany, have revealed fascinating insights into the penal practices of the Middle Ages and early modern period. Led by the State Office for Monument Preservation and Archaeology of Saxony-Anhalt, the investigation of this historic execution site on the Galgenberg ‘Gallows Hill’ near Quedlinburg has unearthed significant discoveries, including human skeletons and burial remains dating back to the 17th century.
Buried at the Gallows
The site, known historically for its gallows erected in 1662 and used until 1809, has provided evidence of numerous executions.
The Saxony-Anhalt State Office announcement states one of the most notable findings is a rare coffin burial discovered near the gallows. The skeleton, laid on its back with folded hands and a rosary, suggests a more respectful burial, likely of a suicide victim, as those who took their own lives were typically denied burial in consecrated ground. This finding provides a rare glimpse into the treatment of suicides in the era, where societal taboos dictated their exclusion from church cemeteries.
Another intriguing discovery is a burial weighted down with large stones, thought to be a “revenant grave.” In medieval superstition, such graves were intended to prevent the dead from returning as vengeful spirits. The fear of the deceased returning to haunt the living led to these precautions, a practice confirmed by this unusual burial.
In addition to these burials, archaeologists uncovered two bone pits containing remains from individuals hanged or broken on the wheel, anther common form of torture and execution in medieval times. The pits show evidence of skeletal remains placed in anatomically correct positions, possibly indicating periodic clean-up efforts by executioners.
Clothing remnants, including buttons and buckles, as well as ceramic fragments, were also discovered alongside the human remains, further detailing the life and death of individuals who met their end at this haunting site.
These excavations offer a deeper understanding of the region’s harsh penal history, showcasing how the dead were treated both with superstition and pragmatism. The findings provide a powerful window into the past and a rare look at medieval and early modern execution practices in Europe.